Building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system is an important foundation for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality. In the process of orderly promotion of carbon peak and carbon neutralization throughout the country, many clean energy rich provinces, based on their resource advantages, have accelerated the low-carbon transformation of their energy structure, striving to take the lead in achieving the "double carbon" goal nationwide. However, it must be clear that energy transformation and energy security must be promoted in concert, otherwise the security and stability of the energy system may be affected. At the present stage, the pace of low-carbon transformation in some major clean energy provinces is not fast enough, especially in the construction of a diversified clean energy system, the construction of flexible and regulatory power sources, and the development of supporting energy infrastructure.
Specifically:
First, the structure of clean energy is relatively single, and it is difficult to achieve multi energy complementarity. Wind, light, water and other clean energy belong to passive energy that depends on nature. At this stage, it is difficult to ensure the sustainable and stable supply of electricity by relying solely on a certain passive energy source. A high proportion of single clean energy installations can easily reduce the resilience of the power supply system, which makes it difficult to achieve the coordination and complementarity of different energy sources when encountering extreme weather.
Second, the support capacity of flexible regulation and stable power supply is insufficient, and the power supply structure needs to be optimized. Some major clean energy provinces lack flexible power regulation and stable power supply support such as energy storage when developing and utilizing water, wind, light and other rich energy resources on a large scale. By the end of 2021, the cumulative installed capacity of domestic energy storage was about 43 million kilowatts, and the installed capacity of clean energy reached 1.063 billion kilowatts. If energy storage is equipped at the proportion of 10%, there is still a large gap.
Third, the development of supporting energy infrastructure lags behind, and the mutual assistance capacity of the power grid is insufficient. Specifically, the development and utilization of clean energy do not adapt to the speed of power grid construction, lack of cross provincial and cross regional power mutual assistance ability and cross regional regulation ability, and it is easy to cause a large increase in export consumption due to insufficient export channels when power is surplus, and a lack of power supply in the province due to the lag of two-way transmission channels when power is tight.
Therefore, provinces rich in clean energy resources should work together to promote energy transformation and energy security, strive to improve the stability and risk resistance of the power system, and take the high-quality development path of clean energy.
First of all, we should accelerate the construction of a comprehensive utilization system of multi energy complementarity and effectively ensure regional energy security. In the process of promoting the follow-up energy transformation, the big clean energy province bases itself on energy security and develops and utilizes diversified clean energy from both energy supply and consumption. On the supply side, we should plan as soon as possible and promote the large-scale development and utilization of clean energy such as water, nuclear, wind and light according to local conditions, strengthen the "complementarity" of multiple energy sources, and avoid a single energy structure affecting regional energy security. For example, areas rich in water resources should consider strengthening the overall planning of basin development and jointly promoting the integrated development of water, wind and light. On the consumption side, the development and utilization costs of different energy sources should be accounted for, and the cost guidance and benefit sharing mechanism of multi energy complementary projects should be continuously improved. For example, in areas dominated by hydropower, we should consider the design of price diversion schemes for power generation costs and construction costs of wind, light and other complementary resources, and rationally use the market mechanism to encourage the construction of a multi-energy complementary comprehensive utilization system.
Secondly, strengthen the construction of regulatory power supply and stable power supply, and consolidate and improve the power supply regulation capacity. In the process of actively developing and utilizing clean energy, the supporting role of flexible and stable power sources for energy supply should be strengthened synchronously to improve the resilience of the power system. On the one hand, promote the synchronous development of the energy storage industry and the construction of local clean energy projects, and give play to the flexible regulation ability of energy storage in both supply and demand of the power system. We should make full use of policies, funds and other means to accelerate the improvement of energy storage technology. Regions with conditions should take the lead in exploring and building an energy storage capacity tariff mechanism and a capacity market, and accelerate the commercialization and scale development of energy storage. On the other hand, we should correctly understand the important role of thermal power, make it clear that thermal power will still be the main force of energy supply for a long time in the future, do a good job in the construction of guaranteed capacity market, actively promote the clean transformation of coal-fired power, improve the power supply regulation capacity, and support the stable transformation of the energy system.
Third, consolidate the construction of supporting infrastructure for clean energy and promote the upgrading of regional power grids. In the future, it is still necessary to further increase power grid investment, accelerate the interconnection between regional power grids and inter provincial power grids, and promote the coordinated and optimized dispatching of multi energy complementary bases. Externally, we will accelerate the construction of new power transmission channels, improve green power transmission capacity, and meet the needs of large-scale development of clean energy in the region. In particular, we should accelerate the planning and construction of ultra-high voltage transmission channels and interconnection across provinces and regions, and promote regional coordination, complementarity and supply and demand allocation. Internally, the major clean energy provinces that send electricity should also pay attention to the construction of two-way power transmission channels, improve the power mutual assistance ability with the receiving provinces, and alleviate the power shortage problem caused by seasonal or extreme weather. In addition, it is also necessary to further improve the backbone power grid in the province, strengthen the construction of the transmission channel from the power plant to the load center in the province, and improve the regulation and control capacity of the power grid in the province.
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